Menene mafi ƙarancin zurfin ballast don tambarin ballast?
Matsakaicin zurfin zurfin ballast ɗin da aka ba da shawarar don ingantaccen aiki na tamper ɗin ballast shine yawanci 200-250mm (inci 8-10) ƙasa da ƙasa na masu baccin jirgin ƙasa. Wannan ƙaramin zurfin yana tabbatar da daidaitawar daidaitaccen tsari da kwanciyar hankali na tsarin waƙa. Ta Tiannuo high-vibration hydraulic ballast tamper an ƙera shi don yin aiki yadda ya kamata a cikin wannan kewayon, tare da tambarin makamai masu iya kaiwa tsayin daka na 180-700mm. Wannan yana ba injin damar ƙaddamar da ballast a zurfafa daban-daban yayin da yake riƙe da juzu'i da jeri. Rashin isasshen zurfin ballast zai iya haifar da ƙarancin tallafin waƙa, ƙarin buƙatun kulawa, da yuwuwar al'amurran tsaro. ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun hanyoyin jirgin ƙasa dole ne su tabbatar da isasshen zurfin ballast kafin yin amfani da kayan aikin tamping don cimma ingantacciyar kwanciyar hankali da tsawon rai. Madaidaicin mafi ƙarancin zurfin zai iya bambanta dangane da takamaiman ƙa'idodin layin dogo, tsarin amfani da waƙa, da ƙa'idodin yanki.
Mafi ƙarancin Zurfin Ballast
Daidaitaccen Bukatun Don Zurfin Ballast
Kula da ababen more rayuwa na layin dogo yana buƙatar takamaiman ƙayyadaddun bayanai don tabbatar da aminci da tsawon rayuwar tsarin waƙa. Matsakaicin mafi ƙarancin buƙatun zurfin ballast yawanci kewayo daga 200mm zuwa 300mm (kimanin inci 8-12) wanda aka auna daga ƙasan mai bacci zuwa ƙirar samuwar. Wannan ma'aunin yana da mahimmanci don ingantaccen aiki na tampers kamar waɗanda Tiannuo Machinery ke ƙera.
Hukumomin layin dogo daban-daban a duk duniya sun kafa ma'auni daban-daban:
- Gabaɗaya layukan dogo na Turai suna ƙayyadad da mafi ƙarancin 250mm ƙarƙashin siminti masu bacci
- Layukan dogo na Arewacin Amurka galibi suna buƙatar inci 8-12 (200-300mm) na ballast
- Cibiyoyin layin dogo na Asiya yawanci suna ba da umarni mafi ƙarancin zurfin 200-250mm
Waɗannan ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun bayanai sun wanzu saboda ƙarancin zurfin ballast yana yin lahani ga duk kwanciyar hankalin tsarin waƙa da ƙarfin ɗaukar kaya. Lokacin aiki da tamper na ballast, tabbatar da wannan ƙaramin zurfin yana hana lalacewa ga samuwar Layer yayin ba da izinin haɓakar barbashi na ballast daidai.
Dabarun Auna don Zurfin Ballast
Daidaitaccen auna zurfin ballast yana da mahimmanci kafin tura kayan aikin tamping. Ma'aikatan kula da layin dogo na zamani suna amfani da dabaru da dama:
Tsarin Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR) yana ba da ma'aunin ma'aunin balaguron balaguro, gano bambance-bambance a cikin zurfin da gano wuraren da za a iya samun matsala. Hanyoyin bincike da hannu ta amfani da kayan aikin ƙira suna ba wa ma'aikatan kulawa damar tantance zurfin ballast a zahiri a takamaiman wuraren da ke kan waƙar. Tsarin bayanan ballast na dijital da aka ɗora akan motoci na musamman na iya ƙirƙirar taswirorin cikakkun taswira na yanayin ballast a duk hanyoyin sadarwar jirgin ƙasa.
Ta Tiannuo high-vibration hydraulic ballast tamper tare da kewayon clamping na 180-700mm yana ɗaukar waɗannan zurfafan daban-daban yayin samar da takamaiman aikin tamping. Ma'aunin da ya dace yana tabbatar da na'urar tana aiki a cikin mafi kyawun sigogi, yana hana ƙaƙƙarfan al'amurran da suka shafi matsawa.
Sakamakon Rashin Isasshen Zurfin Ballast
Yin aiki da kayan aiki akan waƙoƙi tare da ƙarancin ballast yana gabatar da haɗari da yawa:
Lokacin da zurfin ballast ya faɗi ƙasa da mafi ƙarancin 200mm, tin ɗin na iya shiga cikin ƙirar ƙira, yana haifar da gurɓata tsakanin yadudduka da lalata magudanar ruwa. Wannan cakuɗewar kayan yana haɓaka ɓarnar hanya kuma yana ƙara farashin kulawa. Bugu da ƙari, rashin isasshen ballast yana rage ikon waƙar don rarraba kaya, yana haifar da ƙarin damuwa akan abubuwan da aka haɗa.
Tasiri kan aikin ballast tamper yana da alaƙa daidai. Tsarin girgiza na'ura da aka ƙera don ƙayyadaddun abubuwa na ƙayyadaddun abubuwa sun zama marasa inganci lokacin da aka haɗu da ƙirar ƙira, mai yuwuwar lalata kayan aikin kanta. Madaidaicin damar daidaitawa na masu tambarin zamani kuma ana lalata su yayin aiki tare da isasshen zurfin ballast.
Masu aikin layin dogo da ke amfani da injunan tamping na Tiannuo ya kamata su gudanar da cikakken kimantawa na ballast kafin gudanar da aikin kiyayewa don hana wadannan al'amurra da tabbatar da ingantacciyar hanya.
Abubuwan Da Ke Tasirin Zurfin Ballast
Bibiyan Rabewa da Ƙarfin Amfani
Zurfin ballast ɗin da ake buƙata ya bambanta sosai dangane da rarraba waƙa da tsarin amfani. Layukan fasinja masu saurin gudu gabaɗaya suna buƙatar zurfin ballast fiye da hanyoyin jigilar kaya ko waƙoƙi na biyu saboda ƙara ƙarfin ƙarfin da abin ya shafa. Don manyan layukan da ke sarrafa cunkoson ababen hawa, mafi ƙarancin zurfin ballast yawanci yana ƙaruwa zuwa 300-350mm don ɗaukar babban lodin axle da hana haɓakar lalacewa.
Bibiyar tsarin rarrabawa da hukumomin layin dogo ke amfani da su a duk duniya galibi suna ayyana mafi ƙarancin zurfin ballast bisa ga:
- Matsakaicin saurin aiki
- Ton na shekara-shekara
- Nau'o'in jiragen kasa (fasinja, kaya, gauraye)
- Yawan sabis
Lokacin aiki da tamper na'ura mai ɗaukar nauyi mai ƙarfi kamar ƙirar Tiannuo, waɗannan rarrabuwa suna ƙayyade saitunan zurfin tamping da ya dace da ƙarfin ƙarfi. An ƙera ƙarfin ƙwaƙƙwaran na'ura mai nauyin ton 10 don ƙarfafa ballast yadda ya kamata a zurfafa daban-daban dangane da waɗannan rarrabuwar waƙa.
Nau'in Barci da Girma
Zaɓin kayan bacci da girma kai tsaye yana tasiri mafi ƙarancin buƙatun zurfin ballast:
Masu bacci masu ƙanƙara, kasancewar sun fi nauyi kuma sun fi tsayi fiye da madadin katako, yawanci suna buƙatar zurfin ballast (ƙananan 250mm) don rarraba kaya da kyau da kuma rage girgiza. Nisa da tsayin masu bacci kuma suna tasiri zurfin ballast ɗin da ake buƙata, tare da faɗuwar masu bacci gabaɗaya suna buƙatar ƙasa da zurfi saboda ingantaccen rarraba kaya. Masu barcin kankare na zamani tare da nagartaccen tsarin ɗaure ƙila suna da takamaiman buƙatun bayanan martaba waɗanda ke tasiri mafi ƙarancin ƙayyadaddun bayanai.
Ta Tiannuo ballast tamper tare da tsarin sa na hannu huɗu yana dacewa da nau'ikan masu bacci da girma daban-daban, tare da kewayon clamping na 180-700mm yana ɗaukar bayanan bayanan ballast daban-daban. Dole ne a daidaita aikin tamping bisa nau'in mai barci don tabbatar da ingantacciyar haɗakarwa ba tare da haifar da ma'aunin damuwa wanda zai iya lalata abubuwan da aka haɗa ba.
Halayen Samuwar Layer
Tushen wanda ballast ya dogara sosai yana tasiri mafi ƙarancin buƙatun zurfin:
Waƙoƙi da aka gina akan ƙananan ma'auni masu laushi yawanci suna buƙatar ƙara zurfin ballast (300mm ko fiye) don hana gazawar samuwar da kuma kula da tsarin lissafi. Wuraren da ke da ƙarancin halayen magudanar ruwa suna buƙatar ƙarin zurfin ballast don sauƙaƙe motsin ruwa daga tsarin waƙa. Yankunan da ke fuskantar hawan daskarewa sau da yawa suna ƙayyadad da zurfin ballast don rage tasirin sanyi.
Lokacin tura tamper na ballast a cikin wuraren da ke da ƙalubalanci yanayin samuwar, masu aiki dole ne su daidaita zurfin tamping da matsa lamba daidai. Tsarin hydraulic na Tiannuo yana aiki a 18MPa yana ba da daidaiton da ake buƙata don dacewa da waɗannan yanayi dabam-dabam yayin da yake ci gaba da yin aiki mai inganci. Ƙirar injin ɗin tana la'akari da waɗannan hulɗar ƙirar ƙirar don hana lalacewa yayin tabbatar da tallafin waƙa mai kyau.
Mafi kyawun Zurfin Tamping
Dangantaka Tsakanin Zurfin Zurfafawa da Kwanciyar Hankali
Tasirin ayyukan tambarin ballast yana da alaƙa kai tsaye zuwa cimma mafi kyawun zurfin tamping. Lokacin da tamping ya faru a zurfin zurfin - kusan kashi biyu bisa uku na hanyar shiga cikin ballast Layer - ƙaddamarwa yana haifar da matsakaicin tsaka-tsakin barbashi yayin da yake riƙe da isasshen sarari don magudanar ruwa. Wannan ma'auni yana da mahimmanci don kwanciyar hankali na dogon lokaci.
Bincike ya kafa bayyananniyar alaƙa tsakanin zurfafa zurfafawa da ma'aunin kwanciyar hankali:
- Tamping ma mara zurfi (kasa da 50mm a ƙasa mai barci) ya kasa ƙarfafa yankin tallafi
- Mafi kyawun zurfin tamping (100-150mm ƙasa mai barci ƙasa) yana haɓaka juriya ta gefe
- Zurfin zurfafa zurfafawa yana haifar da damun kafa tsarin gadon ballast
Ta Tiannuo high-vibration hydraulic ballast tamper tare da madaidaicin tsarin sarrafa sa yana ba wa ma'aikatan kulawa damar kaiwa wannan yanki mafi kyau. Ƙarfin mashin mai nauyin ton 13 na na'ura wanda aka haɗe tare da ƙarfin ƙarfinsa na ton 10 yana ba da isasshen makamashi don cimma daidaituwa mai kyau a waɗannan zurfin mafi kyau.
Daidaita-lokaci don Tamping Zurfin
Yanayin muhalli yana buƙatar gyare-gyaren gyare-gyare ga ayyukan tambarin a cikin shekara:
A lokacin damina, ƙara yawan danshi a cikin ballast na iya buƙatar raguwar zurfin tamping don hana cikawa da hana magudanar ruwa. Sabanin haka, yanayin bushewa wani lokaci yana amfana daga ɗan zurfafa zurfafawa don cimma wannan matakin ƙarfafawa. Matsakaicin zafin jiki kuma yana tasiri mafi kyawun zurfin tamping, musamman a yankunan da ke fuskantar bambance-bambancen yanayi.
Jadawalin kula da layin dogo da ke amfani da tambarin ballast ɗin Tiannuo ya kamata ya haɗa waɗannan la'akari na lokaci-lokaci cikin shirinsu. Tsarin na'ura mai aiki da karfin ruwa na injin yana ba da damar daidaita daidaitattun sigogin tamping don ɗaukar waɗannan yanayi masu canzawa yayin kiyaye ƙa'idodin ingancin waƙa.
Zagayen Kulawa da Kulawa
Ingantacciyar kula da ababen more rayuwa na layin dogo na buƙatar sa ido na tsari da hanyoyin kulawa da kewayawa:
Tsarin ma'aunin lissafi na bin diddigin bayanai suna ba da bayanai kan ƙimar daidaitawa da yanayin ballast, suna ba da sanarwar yanke shawara game da zurfafawa da mita. Hannuwan tsinkaya na zamani suna amfani da bayanan aikin tarihi don inganta ayyukan tamping dangane da takamaiman halayen sashin waƙa. Kimanta zurfin ballast na yau da kullun yana bin ayyukan tamping yana taimakawa tabbatar da inganci da jagorar tsare-tsare na gaba.
Masu amfani da Tiannuo's ballast tamper suna amfana daga daidaitattun ƙayyadaddun aikin injin, yana ba da damar ingantaccen tsari na zagayowar kulawa. Ƙarfin kayan aiki yana goyan bayan turawa akai-akai a cikin cikakkun shirye-shiryen kulawa yayin ba da sakamakon da ake iya faɗi. Haɓaka ayyukan tamping cikin cikakken dabarun kiyaye waƙa yana tabbatar da ingantaccen amfani da albarkatu da matsakaicin tsawon rayuwar ababen more rayuwa.
FAQ
①Me zai faru idan zurfin ballast yana ƙasa da mafi ƙarancin buƙatu?
Lokacin da zurfin ballast ya faɗi ƙasa mafi ƙarancin buƙatu, matsaloli da yawa sun taso gami da rage ƙarfin rarraba kaya, ƙarancin magudanar ruwa, haɓakar lalacewar hanya, da yuwuwar lalacewa ga tsarin waƙa da kayan aikin ballast kanta. Na'urar na iya tuntuɓar Layer ɗin da aka samu, yana haifar da cakuɗewar kayan da lalata kwanciyar hankali.
②Sau nawa ya kamata a auna zurfin ballast?
Ya kamata a auna zurfin ballast aƙalla kowace shekara akan manyan layukan da kuma kafin duk wani babban aiki na tamping. Wuraren da ke da sanannun batutuwan magudanar ruwa, yawan zirga-zirga, ko matsalolin lissafi na baya na iya buƙatar ƙarin ƙima akai-akai, mai yuwuwa kwata. Shirye-shiryen gyaran layin dogo na zamani galibi suna haɗa tsarin sa ido na ci gaba waɗanda ke ba da bayanai na ainihin lokacin kan yanayin ballast.
③Za a iya yin tamping da ƙasa da mafi ƙarancin zurfin ballast?
Duk da yake zai yiwu a fasaha, tamping tare da ƙasa da ƙaramin zurfin ballast yana da ƙarfi sosai. A cikin yanayin gaggawa inda ake buƙatar kwanciyar hankali nan take, ana iya yin iyakacin “tambarin tabo”, amma wannan ya kamata a bi shi ta hanyar ƙarar ballast daidai da cikakken kulawa da wuri-wuri. Yin amfani da tambarin ballast a cikin irin wannan yanayi yana haifar da lalacewar waƙa da lalacewar kayan aiki.
④ Yaya ingancin ballast ya shafi mafi ƙarancin buƙatun zurfin?
Ballast mafi inganci tare da ɓangarorin kusurwa iri ɗaya yawanci yana ba da izinin rage ƙananan zurfin zurfi idan aka kwatanta da ƙasƙanci ko kayan zagaye. Tsaftace ballast tare da ƙarancin ƙazanta yana buƙatar ƙarancin zurfin don cimma goyan bayan tsarin iri ɗaya. Koyaya, ko da tare da kayan ƙima, ƙwaƙƙwaran ƙaƙƙarfan ƙa'idodin yakamata har yanzu ana kiyaye su don aiki na dogon lokaci.
⑤ Menene alaƙa tsakanin zurfin ballast da tamping mita?
Waƙoƙi tare da isassun zurfin ballast gabaɗaya suna buƙatar ƙaranci akai-akai. Isashen zurfin yana ba da damar mafi kyawun rarraba kaya da juriya ga lalatar lissafi. Akasin haka, zurfafan ballast na gefe sau da yawa yana buƙatar ƙarin zagayawa tamping akai-akai, a ƙarshe yana ƙara ƙimar kulawa da rage tsawon rayuwar kayan ballast gabaɗaya.
Gudanar da ingantaccen zurfin ballast yana da mahimmanci don ingantaccen aikin kula da layin dogo. Ta Tiannuo high-vibration hydraulic ballast tamper an ƙera shi don sadar da kyakkyawan aiki lokacin aiki a tsakanin matakan zurfin ballast da aka ba da shawarar. Don ƙarin bayani game da iyawar kayan aikin aikin layin dogo ko don tattauna takamaiman buƙatun kiyaye waƙa, da fatan za a lamba mu a boom@stnd-machinery.com.
References
Ƙungiyar Ƙasa ta Railways. (2022). "Ka'idojin Kula da Bibiyar: Gudanar da Ballast da Ayyukan Tamping," Rahoton Fasaha na UIC 719-1.
Ƙungiyar Injiniyan Railway ta Amurka da Ƙungiyar Kulawa. (2023). "Manual na AREMA don Injiniyan Railway: Babi na 1 - Hanyar Hanya da Ballast."
Kwamitin Turai don daidaitawa. (2021). TS EN 13450 Aikace-aikacen Hanyar Railway - Waƙa - Bukatun Bayanan Bayanan Ballast.
Selig, ET & Ruwa, JM (2019). "Bibiyar Geotechnology da Gudanar da Tsarin Mulki," Thomas Telford Ltd., London.
Cibiyar Nazarin Fasaha ta Railway ta Japan. (2023). "Ma'auni don Kula da Waƙoƙi: Gudanar da Ballast da Ayyukan Tamping," Matsayin Fasaha na RTRI.
Game da Mawallafi: Arm
Arm babban kwararre ne a fannin gine-gine na musamman da na'urorin kula da layin dogo, yana aiki a Kamfanin Tiannuo.
