Menene tsawon hannun haƙa mai nisa?
Tsawon a dogon hannu excavator yawanci jeri daga mita 15 zuwa mita 30, dangane da takamaiman samfurin da buƙatun aikace-aikacen. A Tiannuo Machinery, mu misali dogon hannu model siffofi da hannu tsawon 16,000mm zuwa 18,000mm (16-18 mita), samar da iyakar isa da damar tsakanin 15,300mm da 17,300mm. Wannan tsayin daka yana bawa masu aiki damar isa ga wuraren da ba za su yuwu ba tare da na'urori na yau da kullun, yana mai da su mahimmanci ga aikace-aikace na musamman kamar rarrabuwar kogi, rami mai zurfi, da kiyaye gangara. Ma'auni na ƙira ya kai ƙarfin aiki tare da la'akari da kwanciyar hankali, kamar yadda dogon makamai ke buƙatar ma'auni da ƙarfafa tsarin don kiyaye amincin aiki da inganci. Tare da daidaitaccen tsari, waɗannan injunan ƙwararrun na iya cimma zurfin tono mai ban sha'awa na 11,200mm zuwa 12,200mm da matsakaicin tsayin hako mai kama daga 13,500mm zuwa 15,300mm, suna ba da juzu'i a cikin buƙatun aikin daban-daban.
Babban Boom
Tushen Iyawa
Babban bunƙasa yana aiki a matsayin babban ɓangaren tsarin kowane dogon hannu mai tona, yana kafa mahimman sigogin aiki ga injin gabaɗayan. A cikin ƙirar makamai masu tono, babban haɓaka yana ɗaukar mahimmancin mahimmanci saboda dole ne ya jure babban damuwa yayin aiki yayin kiyaye daidaitaccen iko. Daidaitaccen babban haɓaka don daidaitawa mai tsayi yawanci yana auna tsakanin mita 12 zuwa 20 a tsayi, yana ba da mahimmancin tushe don isar da ƙarfi.
Injiniyan da ke bayan waɗannan mahimman abubuwan sun haɗa da yin la'akari da kyau na zaɓin abu da ƙirar tsari. Ƙarfe mai ƙarfi mai ƙarfi, sau da yawa tare da ingantaccen abun ciki na carbon, yana ba da dorewa mai mahimmanci yayin da ya rage ƙarancin nauyi. Wannan ma'auni yana da mahimmanci saboda kowane ƙarin kilogiram a cikin tsarin haɓaka yana buƙatar daidaitaccen daidaita nauyi don kiyaye kwanciyar hankali na inji.
Trapezoidal Cross-Section Engineering
Me saita ci gaba dogon hannu excavator Booms baya shine ƙirar trapezoidal giciye-sashe. Ba kamar bayanan martaba na rectangular ko cylindrical na al'ada ba, siffar trapezoidal yana ba da ƙarfin juzu'i mai ƙarfi, ikon yin tsayayya da ƙarfin jujjuyawar da ke faruwa yayin ayyukan tono. Wannan haɓakar ƙaƙƙarfan ƙaƙƙarfan yana fassara kai tsaye zuwa ingantacciyar daidaito a cikin aikin hakowa, ƙyale masu aiki su kula da sarrafawa har ma a matsakaicin tsawo.
Bayanan martaba na trapezoidal yana samun wannan ta hanyar haɓakawa na geometric, yana rarraba damuwa sosai a cikin tsarin haɓaka. A lokacin da ake nazarin haɓakar haɓakar hakowa na ƙwararru, za ku lura da faranti na ƙarfafawa da aka sanya su da dabaru a wuraren mahaɗar matsananciyar damuwa. Wadannan ƙarfafawa suna hana gajiyar kayan aiki kuma suna tsawaita tsawon rayuwar kayan aiki, musamman mahimmanci lokacin aiki tare da matsananciyar damar da aka haifar ta hanyar daidaitawa mai tsawo.
Haɗin Ruwa da Aiki
Babban abubuwan haɓaka na zamani sun haɗa da nagartattun na'urorin lantarki waɗanda aka kera musamman don aikace-aikace mai nisa. Waɗannan tsarin suna daidaita ƙimar kwararar mai da matsin lamba don rama ƙarin nisa, tabbatar da kulawar amsawa ba tare da la’akari da matsayi na hannu ba. Na'ura mai aiki da karfin ruwa da aka ɗora a kan babban bum ɗin yawanci suna nuna manyan diamita fiye da daidaitattun samfuran tono, suna ba da ƙarfin da ya dace don ɗaukar nauyi mai nauyi a tsayin daka.
Dole ne injiniyoyi su daidaita wutar lantarki a hankali tare da sassaucin haɓaka. Yayin da tsayin daka yana da mahimmanci don daidaito, haɓakar haɓaka gaba ɗaya mara nauyi zai canza nauyin girgizar da ya wuce kima zuwa ƙaramin injin yayin aiki. Kyakkyawan ƙirar ƙira ta haɗa da sassaucin sarrafawa, wanda zai iya ɗaukar girgizar aiki yayin da yake riƙe madaidaicin iyawar matsayi wanda masu aiki ke dogaro da shi don ƙayyadaddun aiki kamar tonowar ruwa ko ƙima.
Ƙarar Ƙara
Injiniya don Faɗakarwa
Hannun tsawo yana wakiltar wani muhimmin sashi a cikin tsarin isar gaba ɗaya na mai tono hannu mai tsayi. Wannan sashin na biyu yana haɗa kai tsaye zuwa babban bum ɗin ta hanyar haɗin igiya mai ƙarfi, yana faɗaɗa radiyon aikin injin yadda ya kamata. Ba kamar zane-zane na excavator na al'ada ba, ƙwararrun samfura masu tsayi masu tsayi suna amfani da tsayin daka na aunawa tsakanin mita 5 zuwa 8 don jeri-sashe ɗaya, kodayake bambance-bambancen sashe da yawa na iya samun ƙari mafi girma.
Kalubalen injiniyan da ke da alaƙa da ƙirar hannu na tsawo suna da yawa. A matsayin hanyar haɗin kai tsakanin babban haɓakar haɓakawa da aiwatar da aiki, wannan ɓangaren dole ne ya kiyaye amincin tsari yayin da yake sauƙaƙe magana mai santsi. Ƙirƙira yawanci ya ƙunshi ainihin-welded manyan faranti na ƙarfe mai ƙarfi tare da tsarin ƙarfafa na ciki. Waɗannan abubuwan ƙarfafawa suna hana jujjuyawa ƙarƙashin kaya, la'akari mai mahimmanci lokacin aiki a matsakaicin tsawo inda ko da ƙananan sassauƙa zai iya tasiri sosai.
Pin Shaft Connection Mechanics
Haɗin madaidaicin fil tsakanin babban bum ɗin da hannun tsawo yana ba da garantin kulawa ta musamman a ciki dogon hannu excavator zane. Dole ne wannan mahaɗin mai mahimmanci ya ba da izinin motsi na jujjuyawar ruwa yayin gudanar da manyan runduna masu ƙarfi yayin aiki. Injiniyoyin suna amfani da fitilun ƙarfe masu girman gaske tare da bushing na tagulla don rage juzu'i da lalacewa a waɗannan mahimman wuraren haɗin gwiwa.
Na'urori masu tasowa sun haɗa da tashoshi mai mai wanda ke ba da damar ma'aikatan kulawa su sa mai waɗannan gidajen abinci ba tare da rarrabuwa ba, tsawaita rayuwar aiki da rage raguwa. Diamita fil ɗin kanta sau da yawa yakan wuce 100mm akan manyan samfura, yana samar da yankin da ya dace don rarraba matsalolin aiki yadda ya kamata. Wasu masana'antun suna amfani da tsare-tsare masu hawa sama waɗanda ke ba da izinin gyare-gyaren filin don rama lalacewa ta halitta fiye da tsawon rayuwar kayan aiki.
Tsarin Aiki tare na Ruwa
Hannun tsawaitawa sun haɗa da nagartaccen tsarin aiki tare na hydraulic wanda ke daidaita motsi tsakanin sassan haɓaka da yawa. Waɗannan tsarin suna amfani da bawuloli masu daidaitawa da matsi don tabbatar da santsi, sarrafa aiki ba tare da la'akari da yanayin kaya ba. A zahiri, wannan yana nufin masu aiki za su iya kiyaye daidaitaccen sarrafawa yayin aiwatar da ayyuka masu laushi kamar sanya bututun ruwa ko aikin gyara muhalli.
Na'ura mai ba da hanya tsakanin hanyoyin sadarwa da ke sarrafa motsin hannu na tsawaita yawanci suna haɗar da fasalulluka na matsi waɗanda ke hana ɗaukar nauyi a iyakar tafiya. Wannan matashin kai yana kare duka abubuwan haɗin ginin da ma'aikaci daga tasirin tasiri lokacin da aka kai cikakken tsawo ko ja da baya. Masu sana'a na ci gaba kuma sun haɗa na'urori masu auna matsayi waɗanda ke ciyar da bayanai zuwa tsarin sarrafa injin, suna ba da damar fasali kamar iyakokin zurfin shirye-shirye da jerin motsi mai sarrafa kansa waɗanda ke haɓaka aminci da haɓaka duka a aikace-aikace masu ƙalubale.
Tsaya:
Ayyuka na Ƙarshen Ƙarshe
Sanda tana aiki azaman ɓangaren ƙarshen tsarin aikin tono hannun dogon hannu, yana aiki azaman wurin haɗin kai kai tsaye don aiwatar da aikin kamar buckets, grapples, ko haɗe-haɗe na musamman. Wannan muhimmin kashi yawanci yana auna tsakanin mita 3 zuwa 6 a tsayi, tare da ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙididdiga a hankali don dacewa da ƙarfin isa ga injin gabaɗaya. Ba kamar daidaitattun sandunan tona ba, waɗanda aka ƙera don aikace-aikacen isar da nisa sun haɗa da ƙarin ƙarfafawa don ɗaukar ƙarin ƙarfin ƙarfin da aka ci karo da su yayin ayyukan tsawaitawa.
Haɗin kayan abu don sandunan tono yana buƙatar kulawa ta musamman, tare da masana'antun suna yin amfani da galoli masu ƙarfi na ƙarfe tare da ƙarfin amfanin gona da ya wuce 600 MPa. Waɗannan abubuwan ci-gaba suna ba da izinin bayanan martaba masu sirara ba tare da sadaukar da mutuncin tsari ba, rage nauyi gabaɗaya yayin kiyaye sigogin aiki. Zane-zanen ɓangaren giciye yakan haɗa da tsarin gidan yanar gizo na ciki wanda ke ba da mafi girman ƙarfi tare da filaye masu ƙarfi na farko yayin da rage yawan amfani da kayan a wurare marasa mahimmanci.
Matsayin Angular da Ƙarfin Ƙarfi
Ingancin kowane mai tona hannu mai tsayi ya dogara sosai akan madaidaicin sandar angular dangane da hannun tsawo da saman aikin. Wannan kusurwa kai tsaye yana rinjayar watsa wutar lantarki zuwa ƙarfin tono mai inganci. Mafi kyawun watsa ƙarfi yana faruwa lokacin da sandar ke riƙe kusan kusurwar digiri 90 zuwa ƙarfin juriya, kodayake ayyuka masu amfani galibi suna buƙatar aiki a mafi ƙarancin kusurwoyi masu kyau.
Masu sana'a suna magance wannan ƙalubalen ta hanyar yin amfani da silinda na hydraulic a hankali, suna ba da iyakar ƙarfin aiki a cikin kewayon aiki. Maƙallan haɗe-haɗe na silinda sun ƙunshi ƙwanƙwasa ƙwanƙwasa masu hawa tare da gusseting mai jagora da yawa don ɗaukar ƙarfin ƙarfin da aka haifar yayin aiki. Zane-zane na ci gaba sun haɗa da tsarin sarrafa matsa lamba masu canzawa waɗanda ke daidaita kayan aikin ruwa ta atomatik dangane da matsayi na sanda, rike da daidaiton aiki ba tare da la'akari da tsarukan tsawaitawa ba.
Aiwatar da Abubuwan Haɗin kai
Sanda tana ƙarewa a wuri mai sauri ko abin da aka makala kai tsaye, inda kayan aiki daban-daban suka haɗa zuwa dogon hannu excavator. Wannan keɓancewa yana buƙatar ƙaƙƙarfan abubuwan ƙira don ɗaukar yanayin lodi iri-iri da aka fuskanta yayin aiki. Tsarin canji mai sauri ya zama daidaitattun masana'antu, yana barin masu aiki su canza tsakanin haɗe-haɗe na musamman ba tare da barin taksi ba, haɓaka ingantaccen aiki sosai.
Ƙarshen haɗin sandar yana haɗawa da faranti masu tauri da kuma bushings da za a iya maye gurbinsu don magance lalacewa da babu makawa daga canje-canjen haɗe-haɗe. Layukan na'ura mai aiki da karfin ruwa da ke gudana zuwa wurin haɗe-haɗe dole ne su ɗauki cikakken kewayon motsi na sanda ba tare da ƙuntatawa ko yuwuwar lalacewa ba, suna buƙatar tuƙi da tsarin kariya a hankali. Yawancin ci gaba da ƙira sun haɗa da tsarin sarrafa kayan aiki mai haɗaka tare da shirye-shirye masu gudana da saitunan matsa lamba don haɗe-haɗe daban-daban, ƙyale masu aiki su inganta aikin aiki don takamaiman ayyuka ba tare da gyare-gyare na hannu ba ga tsarin hydraulic.
FAQ
①Mene ne ke ƙayyade matsakaicin tsayin dogon haƙan hannu?
Matsakaicin tsayin dogon haƙan hannu an ƙaddara ta dalilai da yawa waɗanda suka haɗa da nauyi da kwanciyar hankali na injin tushe, ƙarfin tsarin injin ruwa, da buƙatun aikace-aikacen da aka yi niyya. Manyan injunan tushe na iya tallafawa dogayen hannaye saboda ƙara ƙarfin ƙima da amincin tsarin su. Yawancin masana'antun suna iyakance iyakar tsayin daka zuwa kusan mita 30 don aiki mai amfani, saboda tsayin daka na buƙatar hanyoyin sufuri na musamman kuma suna fuskantar raguwar dawowa dangane da ingancin aiki.
②Ta yaya tsayin hannu ke shafar kwanciyar hankali a cikin tono?
Tsawon hannu yana tasiri kai tsaye kwanciyar hankali ta hanyar canza tsakiyar injin na nauyi yayin aiki. Dogayen makamai suna haifar da mafi girman ƙarfin kuzari waɗanda dole ne a daidaita su don hana tipping. Masu masana'anta suna ramawa ta hanyar ƙara ma'auni, faɗaɗa waƙoƙi ko ƙwanƙwasa, da aiwatar da tsarin gudanarwa na hydraulic ci gaba waɗanda ke iyakance sigogin aiki dangane da matsayi na hannu da nauyin nauyi. Dole ne masu aiki su kula da iyakokin kwanciyar hankali, musamman lokacin aiki a matsakaicin tsawo.
③Waɗanne la'akari da kiyayewa suka keɓanta ga dogon isar da makamai?
Hannun tono mai tsayi mai tsayi yana buƙatar ƙa'idodin kulawa na musamman da aka mayar da hankali kan tabbatar da ingancin tsari da haɓaka tsarin injin ruwa. Mahimman wuraren kiyayewa sun haɗa da dubawa na yau da kullun na mahaɗin fil don lalacewa da lubrication mai kyau, duba hatimin silinda na hydraulic don hana faɗuwa ƙarƙashin yanayi mai tsayi, da gano fashewar damuwa tare da filaye masu ɗaukar nauyi na farko. Tsarin na'ura mai aiki da karfin ruwa yawanci yana buƙatar ƙarin bincike na ruwa akai-akai don gano gurɓatawa kafin ya lalata madaidaicin abubuwan da ke aiki ƙarƙashin ƙarin buƙatun matsa lamba.
Hannun tona mai tsayi mai tsayi suna wakiltar ƙwararrun hanyoyin injiniya don ƙalubalen hakowa na musamman, daidaita ƙarfin isa tare da daidaiton tsari da ingantaccen aiki. Ko aikinku ya ƙunshi ɓarkewar kogi, kiyaye gangara, ko wasu aikace-aikacen da ke buƙatar tsawaita isa, fahimtar abubuwan da aka haɗa da ƙarfin waɗannan injunan na musamman yana da mahimmanci don zaɓin kayan aiki mafi kyau da amfani. Don ƙarin bayani game da Tiannuo Yawan injina na dogayen haƙan hannu da zaɓuɓɓukan gyare-gyaren da suka dace da ƙayyadaddun bukatun aikinku, don Allah lamba mu a rich@stnd-machinery.com.
References
Jaridar Gina Injiniyan Gine-gine da Injiniyoyi, "Ci gaba a Tsararriyar Tsare-tsare na Tsara don Aikace-aikacen Muhalli," Juzu'i na 42, fitowar 3, 2023.
Ƙungiyar Ƙididdiga ta Ƙasashen Duniya, "Bukatun Tsaro don Ƙarfafa Kayan Aikin Hakowa," ISO 19296: 2018.
Injiniya Digest, "Mahimman Tsare-tsaren Tsara Na'ura Mai Na'ura don Haɓaka Tsawon Tsawon Su," Jerin Nazari na Fasaha, 2022.
Ƙungiyar Masu Samar da Kayan Gina, "Mafi kyawun Jagoran Ayyuka don Ayyukan Haɓaka Dogon Hannu da Kulawa," Bugu na 3, 2024.
Ƙungiyar Injin Injiniya ta Amirka, "Binciken Tsarin Tsarin Tsarin Ƙaƙwalwar Ƙaƙwalwar Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwaƙwalwa na Ƙadda ) na Ƙaddamar da Ya Yi na Ƙirar Ƙirƙirar Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararru na ASME 145, 2023.
Game da Mawallafi: Arm
Arm babban kwararre ne a fannin gine-gine na musamman da na'urorin kula da layin dogo, yana aiki a Kamfanin Tiannuo.
